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- The Codex »
- Writing Good Commit Messages
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- <h1 id="writing-good-commit-messages">Writing Good Commit Messages</h1>
-<p>Rule zero: “good” is defined by the standards of the project you're on. Have a
-look at what the existing messages look like, and try to emulate that first
-before doing anything else.</p>
-<p>Having said that, here are some things that will help your commit messages be
-useful later:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>
-<p>Treat the first line of the message as a one-sentence summary. Most SCM
- systems have an “overview” command that shows shortened commit messages in
- bulk, so making the very beginning of the message meaningful helps make
- those modes more useful for finding specific commits. <em>It's okay for this to
- be a “what” description</em> if the rest of the message is a “why” description.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>Fill out the rest of the message with prose outlining why you made the
- change. The guidelines for a good “why” message are the same as <a href="comments">the
- guidelines for good comments</a>, but commit messages can be
- signifigantly longer. Don't bother reiterating the contents of the change in
- detail; anyone who needs that can read the diff themselves.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>If you use an issue tracker (and you should), include whatever issue-linking
- notes it supports right at the start of the message, where it'll be visible
- even in shortlogs. If your tracker has absurdly long issue-linking syntax,
- or doesn't support issue links in commits at all, include a short issue
- identifier at the front of the message and put the long part somewhere out
- of the way, such as on a line of its own at the end of the message.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>Pick a tense and a mood and stick with them. Reading one commit with a
- present-tense imperative message (“Add support for PNGs”) and another commit
- with a past-tense narrative message (“Fixed bug in PNG support”) is
- distracting.</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>If you need rich commit messages (links, lists, and so on), pick one markup
- language and stick with it. It'll be easier to write useful commit
- formatters if you only have to deal with one syntax, rather than four.
- (Personally, I use Markdown on projects I control.)</p>
-<ul>
-<li>This also applies to line-wrapping: either hard-wrap everywhere, or
- hard-wrap nowhere.</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<h2 id="an-example">An Example</h2>
-<pre><code>commit 842e6c5f41f6387781fcc84b59fac194f52990c7
-Author: Owen Jacobson &lt;owen.jacobson@grimoire.ca&gt;
-Date: Fri Feb 1 16:51:31 2013 -0500
-
- DS-37: Add support for privileges, and create a default privileged user.
-
- This change gives each user a (possibly empty) set of privileges. Privileges
- are mediated by roles in the following ways:
-
- * Each user is a member of zero or more roles.
- * Each role implies membership in zero or more roles. If role A implies role
- B, then a member of role A is also a transitive member of role B. This
- relationship is transitive: if A implies B and B implies C, then A implies
- C. This graph should not be cyclic, but it's harmless if it is.
- * Each role grants zero or more privileges.
-
- A user's privileges are the union of all privileges of all roles the user is a
- member of, either directly or transitively.
-
- Obviously, a role that implies no other roles and grants no priveleges is
- meaningless to the authorization system. This may be useful for "advisory"
- roles meant for human consumption.
-
- This also introduces a user with the semi-magical name '*admin' (chosen
- because asterisks cannot collide with player-chosen usernames), and the group
- '*superuser' that is intended to hold all privileges. No privileges are yet
- defined.
-</code></pre>
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