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The Codex »
Installing Java on Ubuntu
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<h1 id="installing-java-on-ubuntu">Installing Java on Ubuntu</h1>
<p>Accurate as of: Java 7, Ubuntu 12.04. The instructions below assume an amd64
(64-bit) installation. If you're still using a 32-bit OS, work out the
differences yourself.</p>
<h2 id="via-package-management-apt">Via Package Management (Apt)</h2>
<p>OpenJDK 7 is available via apt by default.</p>
<p>To install the JDK:</p>
<pre><code>sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude install openjdk-7-jdk
</code></pre>
<p>To install the JRE only (without the JDK):</p>
<pre><code>sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude install openjdk-7-jre
</code></pre>
<p>To install the JRE without GUI support (appropriate for headless servers):</p>
<pre><code>sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude install openjdk-7-jre-headless
</code></pre>
<p>(You can also use <code>apt-get</code> instead of <code>aptitude</code>.)</p>
<p>These packages interact with <a href="http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/man8/update-alternatives.8.html">the <code>alternatives</code>
system</a>,
and have <a href="http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/man8/update-java-alternatives.8.html">a dedicated <code>alternatives</code> manager
script</a>.
The <code>alternatives</code> system affects <code>/usr/bin/java</code>, <code>/usr/bin/javac</code>, and
browser plugins for applets and Java Web Start applications for browsers
installed via package management. It also affects the symlinks under
<code>/etc/alternatives</code> related to Java.</p>
<p>To list Java versions available, with at least one Java version installed via
Apt:</p>
<pre><code>update-java-alternatives --list
</code></pre>
<p>To switch to <code>java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64</code> for all Java invocations:</p>
<pre><code>update-java-alternatives --set java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64
</code></pre>
<p>The value should be taken from the first column of the <code>--list</code> output.</p>
<h3 id="tool-support">Tool support</h3>
<p>Most modern Java tools will pick up the installed JDK via <code>$PATH</code> and do not
need the <code>JAVA_HOME</code> environment variable set explicitly. For applications old
enough not to be able to detect the JDK, you can set <code>JAVA_HOME</code> to
<code>/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64</code>.</p>
<h2 id="by-hand">By Hand</h2>
<p>The <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html">Java SE Development Kit
7</a>
tarballs can be installed by hand. Download the “Linux x64” <code>.tar.gz</code> version,
then unpack it in <code>/opt</code>:</p>
<pre><code>cd /opt
tar xzf ~/jdk-7u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
</code></pre>
<p>This will create a directory named <code>/opt/jdk1.7.0_45</code> (actual version number
may vary) containing a ready-to-use Java dev kit.</p>
<p>You will need to add the JDK's <code>bin</code> directory to <code>PATH</code> if you want commands
like <code>javac</code> and <code>java</code> to work without fully-qualifying the directory:</p>
<pre><code>cat > /etc/profile.d/oracle_jdk <<'ORACLE_JDK'
PATH="${PATH}:/opt/jdk1.7.0_45/bin"
export PATH
ORACLE_JDK
</code></pre>
<p>(This will not affect non-interactive use; setting PATH for non-interactive
programs like build servers is beyond the scope of this document. Learn to use
your OS.)</p>
<p>Installation this way does <em>not</em> interact with the alternatives system (but
you can set that up by hand if you need to).</p>
<p>For tools that cannot autodetect the JDK via <code>PATH</code>, you may need to set
<code>JAVA_HOME</code> to <code>/opt/jdk1.7.0_45</code>.</p>
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